How Do Old Refrigerators Affect the Ozone Layer Essay Example for Free

How Do Old Refrigerators Affect the Ozone Layer Essay The ozone layer prevents ultraviolet sunlight from reaching Earth. (The Ozone hole, 2012). Without the ozone layer, it would be more likely to get skin cancer, eye damage, harm wildlife, reduce crop yields, and change the ocean food chain. The ozone is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms. Ground-level ozone is the main component of smog and is harmful to humans. Atmospheric ozone collects in the stratosphere, which is about nine to twenty-two miles above the surface of the Earth. It was discovered in 1985 that there was a hole in the ozone above Antarctica. CFC’s, were constantly eroding our ozone layer. (Roach, 2010). In old refrigerators, ammonia gas is used to keep the refrigerator cool. Pure ammonia gas is highly toxic to people and if a refrigerator containing it leaked, it would pose a threat. Switching to CFC’s was a â€Å"nontoxic† replacement that depleted the ozone layer. Then they switched to a more environmental friendly coolant. Although many refrigerators still use ammonia. (Brian; Elliot, 2006). Refrigerators need five major components to keep cool. The compressor compresses the ammonia gas and the compressed gas heats up as it’s pressurized. The coils on the back of the refrigerator let the hot ammonia gas disperse its heat and the gas condenses into liquid at high pressure. The high pressure ammonia liquid flows through the expansion valve. One side of the valve has high pressure ammonia liquid and the opposite side is a low pressure area because the compressor sucks gas out of that side. The liquid ammonia immediately boils and vaporizes with the temperature dropping to -27 degrees Fahrenheit which makes the inside of the fridge cold. The compressor sucks up the ammonia gas and the cycle repeats. (Brian; Elliot, 2006)The coolant is trapped inside coils and makes a circuit through them and changes back and forth from a liquid to a gas. Ammonia gas does not affect the Ozone layer but it is highly toxic to humans. When they switched to CFC’s, that’s when the refrigerators added to the list of things depleting the Ozone Layer. Du Pont discovered this replacement in the 1930’s. They are used in a variety of industrial, commercial, and household applications. The CFC’s were released into the atmosphere and went up into the stratosphere. In the 1970’s, it was discovered that the CFC’s in use are harmful to the Ozone Layer. The ultraviolet radiation at the atmospheric altitude breaks down CFCs, freeing the chlorine. Under the proper conditions, this chlorine has the potential to destroy large amounts of ozone. As of the 1990’s, they put a more environmental friendly coolant in refrigerators.

The Great Gatsby: Morality And Gatsby :: essays research papers fc

The Great Gatsby: Morality and Gatsby Morality is a very controversial issue. That is one of the reasons what people are interested in reading about it. Morality can lead to many questions essentially it can lead to the question between right and wrong. In The Great Gatsby Nick Carraway is faced with a constant struggle between right and wrong. Truth is an issue of morality. "It all happened in a minute but it seemed to me that she wanted to speak to us, thought we were somebody she knew." (Fitzgerald 151) Daisy and Gatsby tried to hide the fact that they hit and killed Myrtle Wilson while driving home from New York. Nick Carraway, however, knew the truth and had to decide if he was going to help hide the truth or let Daisy and Gatsby suffer the consequences. â€Å"I don't think that anybody saw us but of course I can't be sure.† (Fitzgerald 151). Gatsby felt that he could hide the car and with it he could hide the truth. The truth is that Myrtle Wilson was killed and Daisy and Gatsby are the ones to blame. They cannot hide that truth. The friendship between Jay Gatsby and Nick Carraway is a questionable one and full of doubt. "He had seen me several times and had intended to call on me long before but a peculiar combination of circumstances had prevented it- signed Jay Gatsby." (Fitzgerald 45-46) The two had lived next door to each other for awhile however, they had never associated. Therefore, along with the invitation to the party there was some suspicion. Jay Gatsby is a very wealthy man. Nick Carraway, although he lives in West Egg, is not wealthy nor elegant. The two are certainly opposites. Gatsby and Carraway are bound to take

East Is East Movie Review

This movie tells us the story of a Pakistani migrant who experiments troubles finding a compromise between his integration and keeping his roots. Indeed, we understand his will to impose his family a strict Pakistani culture at the very beginning of the movie, when he pushes his eldest son in an arranged marriage. His family is obviously reluctant to his conservative vision, which leads the whole family to stand up against the father when he tries to organize arranged marriages for two of his other sons.Hence, we are being presented successively two different facets of this character. On the one hand, a narrow-minded and over-conservative person, which makes him a brutal husband (the climax of this movie might be when he beats his wife, which marks a real turning point for the relations among the family) and an oppressive father. The realisator managed to create a complex character around who the movie is articulated. As a matter of fact, his presence is tangible throughout the movie , even among the scenes which are shot through the children's point of view.With hindsight, this movie is about a man torn between his desire of integration (we might note his pride when he talks about his owning a business) and the fear of losing his roots. We eventually feel that he just wishes the best for his family, which is why he imposes his vision of life. Though, we might see a part of egoism in his acts, as the strict way he is raising his kids is also a way for him to compensate the distance with his own country .The numerous points of view proposed give texture to this movie, and animates the underlying issues; it comes to say the cultural and generational clash. Even though the subject is quite serious and sad, the realisator succeeded in making this movie lively, and rather optimistic. Many scenes are very dramatic and include a lot of humour. Furthermore, it offers a progressive outlook through the  « happy ending  » and the evolution of points of view from one ge neration to an other (Ernest's tolerance Vs it's grand-father's intolerance).Finally, we might also think of the scene when Sajid gets his hood ripped off to represent the father's openness to his family's expectations. Indeed, in a previous scene shot from Sajid's point of view, the hood gives a very narrow and vaginal-shaped view angle. Therefore, this scene might be applied to his father, the loss of the hood symbolising both the loss of his blinkers and the cut of his umbilical cordon. Thus, it suggests the birth of a brand new man and the entrance in a new era for his family.

Customer Satisfaction of Banglalink

A report on â€Å"Customer Satisfaction Of Banglalink† Submitted to: Dr. Mamun Habib Course Instructor, Research Methodology; Sec: C; AIUB Prepared BY: GROUP: A ? Huda Md. Nazmul08-11678-2 ? Rahman Md. Masudur08-11030-2 ? Imranuzzaman Md. 08-11471-2 ? Shahzahan Masum Bin08-11636-2 ? Haque Shajabul08-11554-2 ? Munsi Md. Hasan (Sec: E)08-11417-2 ? Hasan Md. Khalid08-11024-2 AMERICAN INERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH Date of Submission: April 19, 2011 April 19, 2011 To Dr. Mamun Habib Course teacher, Research methodology; Sec: C; AIUB Subject: Request to accept the research paper. Dear Sir We have the privilege to present our group work set by yourself & permitted by your guidance. We are obliged to you for giving us such an opportunity to make a study on the topic named â€Å"Customer Satisfaction of Banglalink†. Finally we seek your favorable consideration as for permitting us to submit this report before you. Yours truly, Huda Md. Nazmul (08-11678-2) { On the behalf of the Group} Acknowledgement This study is the outcome of a research work. At first we want to thank The Almighty who has created us and gave up ability to do a type of research work. We are thankful to them who have spontaneously assisted us in conduction the research. Specially, we are thankful to our honorable teacher Dr. Mamun Habib course instructor of Research Methodology; Sec: C; AIUB. He helped us in every step of starting and completing our research paper promptly. Without His help it was impossible for us to complete the research. We are thankful to all those people who co-operate us with their kind patience. We are also thankful to all those people who helped us for collecting Information to survey. We are thankful to all the group members of the group. Without their help we would not able to complete our study successfully. We like to thank our friends who directly and indirectly helped us a lot by providing different information. Abstract Banglalink is one of the biggest mobile phone companies at Bangladesh. It started its operation in February 2005. Previously it was known as Sheba telecom Pvt L. T. D that had been GSM (Global Service of mobile) Service in Bangladesh since 1998. Orascom Telecom brought 100% share of Sheba telecom in 2004 & gave it new name as Banglalink. Every company’s existence depends on its customers. So, each and every company tries to satisfy & retain its customers providing attractive services. So, we’ve conducted our research on the customers of Banglalink to find the satisfaction level towards the company. As the satisfaction level indicator we used the following contents: Today’s market is highly competitive. So, every time competitors try to find the weakness & want to beat those points. So, the company should take customer feedback on continuous basis. That’s why excessive market research is required. Finding the customer’s demand & recommendation will help to take right decision. Table of Content . Chapter-1 (Introduction)(6-10) ? Introduction of the study 6 ? Research Objective 7 ? Limitation of the study 8 ? Significance of the study 8 ? Scope of research 8-9 ? Statement of Problem 9 2. Chaptre-3 (Research Framework) 10 3. Chapter-4 (Research Methodology)(11-13) ? Methods of research used 11 ? Respondents & sampling procedures 11-12 ? Researc h Instruments 12 ? Statistical Treatment of Data 13 4. Chapter-5 (Presentation of Data & Discussion of results)(14-17) 5. Chapter-6 (Summary, Conclusion & Recommendation) (18-20) ? Summary of the Findings 18-19 Conclusion 19 ? Recommendation 19-20 Bibliography 21 A. Appendix : (Questionnaire) (22-24) Chapter-1 Introduction Introduction of the study Banglalink is the second largest cellular service provider in Bangladesh after Grameenphone. As of November, 2010, Banglalink has a subscriber base of 12. 99 million. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Orascom Telecom. Banglalink had 1. 03 million connections until December, 2005. The number of Banglalink users increased by 257 per cent and stood at 3. 64 million at the end of 2006, making it the fastest growing operator in the world of that year. In August, 2006, Banglalink became the first company to provide free incoming calls from BTTB for both postpaid and prepaid connections. On August 20, 2008, Banglalink got past the landmark of 10 million subscriber base. Organization overview In Bangladesh, Banglalink aims to understand peoples' needs best and develop appropriate communication services to improve peoples' life and make it simple. All our work is aimed towards meeting our vision. All members of the Banglalink family are highly passionate individuals, fully committed to achieving the vision that we have set ourselves. Our customers' needs matter most to us- making their life simple and improving it is all we want. To ensure our vision is achieved, we have set ourselves a few values, we want to be †¢ Straight Forward †¢ Reliable †¢ Innovative †¢ Passionate All the Banglalink family members have one thing in common- a passion to serve to go that extra mile, so that you can have the best possible service Investing in the future of Bangladesh. The biggest barrier today for people is the cost of handsets. We will strive to lower the total cost of owning a mobile. We are here to make a difference in people's lives by providing affordable and reliable connectivity will strive to connect people and link their lives by listening to them and by understanding their needs. We are here to help you speak your language. Research Objective Our research objective is to find out the satisfaction level of banglalink customer. The purpose of the study is to provide a specific and accurate definition of the overall PR & communication department of banglalink. As a 2nd largest company how they are managing the public relations. †¢ Provide an overview of the banglalink To identify the factors influencing on the marketing plan of the company †¢ To find out the strategies need to implement for achieving its long term goal. †¢ To measure and improve your performance †¢ To know customers are satisfied or not by taking service †¢ To supply products at competitive prices. †¢ To explore public relation activities in the market. Limitatio n of the study: Every work when started that to face some limitations. So in our research we face some problem. Our main limitation is time. Because we do not enough time for make this project but we tried our label best to make this report is a good one. Our second limitation was our different class schedule that why it was creating some problem when we making the survey. Our third limitation was financial fund because we are student. Significance of the study: Our research is based on the satisfaction of banglalink customers. We think from our research banglalink company will get more benefits. From our research banglalink customers relationship management can get some information about their customer’s satisfaction. In sort they can know from our research how they provide their services for their customers and how the customers react their services. So when banglalink management observes our customers satisfaction research result based on this result they can take their decision. Scope of Research: Research type: This research is a type of descriptive study which defines the relationship between the customer satisfaction and the banglalink management. Here the customer’s satisfaction is about the measurement of the wants of banglalink customers. On the other hand, banglalink customers are the population of our project as well the respondent. Those customers who are using the banglalink sim card and use their given services. Sample: Here the sample means the customers of banglalink those who are using the banglalik sim card and use their given services. Measurement: Basically we are come through a solution of our problem with Survey Questionnaire. And we make this Questionnaire to identify how much the customers of banglalink are satisfied. Statement of Problems: We have a solution of our problem by briefly discussed and we conducted a survey on the students group of AIUB. For that, we arrange a set of questionnaire and seeking some help from some loyal customers of banglalink. And those customers are basically ongoing users or once used Baglalink connection and also those customers who are use from their beginning. How is their satisfaction as a customer of banglalink in their real experience? Then we are the seven members work jointly to complete a strong semester project on customer satisfaction of Banglalink whatever we get acquire knowledge from our honorable course instruct Dr. Mamun Habib during this whole semester. Chapter-3 Research Framework Research Hypothesis: Hypothesis means the assumption. We are assuming some questionnaire to our respondents and try to analysis those. This research is coming through â€Å"One-Tailed Test† that is defined as the direction of the project. For example is that (Low/High) HO: Customers satisfaction would be greater than, less than their expectation Ha: Customers satisfaction would be less than, greater than their expectation Chapter -4 Research Methodology Methods of Research Used Difference types of research technique we are selecting descriptive research because we are finding customer satisfaction of Banglalink based on primary data. How many people are satisfied or not. Descriptive: Describes characteristics of a population or phenomenon, objects, organizations. Some understanding of the nature of the problem. Respondents & Sampling Procedures Population is any complete group of people, sales territories, stores . Sample subset of a large population we are select people among university student they are satisfy or not. There are three types of sample size we select formula for known and unknown population because firstly select BANGLALINK service users or not. Probability sampling we use to get our respondents. This process has to each element of population an equal chance to be selected . Known, nonzero probability for every element. Different categories sampling among these category we select simple random sampling. Simple random sampling: A sample procedure that ensures each element in the population will have an equal chance of being included in the sample. Research Instruments: Here different tools for questionnaire survey: †¢ Simple Attitude scale †¢ Category scale †¢ Likert scale †¢ Semantic scale †¢ Numerical scale †¢ Constant sum scale †¢ Stapel scale †¢ Graphical Rating scale †¢ Graphics rating scale stressing visual communication From these survey scales we used Five point Likert Scale for conducting our survey. We asked different questions based on BANGLALINK customer care service and collected answers through likert scale. Statistical Treatment of Data SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences): Based on SPSS we complete our statistical treatment. Descriptive analysis: Demographic information of respondents and estimate proportion among respondents. | | | | | | | | |Valid |52 | | |Missing |0 | Mean |1. 31 | | | | | | |N |Valid |52 | | |Missing |0 | |Variance |. 217 | Chapter-5 Presentation of data and discussion of results There are several tools available for data analysis. Like Excel, SPSS, AMOS, LISREL etc. For the collective data analysis we have used MS Excel & SPSS (Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences). The respondents’ percentage based on gender: [pic] â€Å"Banglalink’s call rate is reasonable with compare to other operators†: pic] â€Å"Banglalink provides good services at their customer care centers:† [pic] Banglalink’s network s ystem is very strong: [pic] Banglalink has huge opportunities to become market leader of Telecommunication Industry: [pic] Chapter-6 Summary, Conclusion & Recommendation Summary of the findings: Banglalink is one of the largest telecom companies in Bangladesh. After commencing their operation in Bangladesh, Banglalink captured a large number of customers. So, other mobile operators’ customers switched the brand. But now from our research we are finding a complete different scenario. In person we are the customers of Banglalink. So, we conducted our research on our friends & the different students’ group of AIUB to get quick access to the information. Our research shows that for the last few years Banglalink’s performance is falling gradually & failing to meet the customer’s requirement. †¢ Most of our respondents have agreed that Banglalink’s call rate is not so high with compare to other operators. But there is also a larger group of respondents who didn’t comply with this statement. †¢ Banglalink’s offered packages are somewhat attractive according to our respondents. A major portion of respondents have agreed that Banglalink is good at promotional activities. †¢ Banglalink’s customer care services are satisfactory in the view of the respondents. †¢ Banglalink has developed its internet facility recently. So, the current customers are satisfied with new services. †¢ In terms of network s ystem there are different opinions among the respondents. In the cities & towns the network is good, but at villages or remote places this service is very bad. As our all respondents are from Dhaka city, the respondents are satisfied with the network service. Banglalink has somewhat contribution in social development regarding our respondent’s view. †¢ There are a few large telecom companies in our country. For the last few years GrameenPhone has been holding the market leader’s place. From our research we can see that Banglalink has no possibilities to become the market leader. Conclusion: In the country Banglalink has come with the mission of â€Å"Din Bodoler Pala†. At their market entrance they showed huge possibilities to become the market leader. They captured the most of their customers within their first two years of operation. But with times customers are leaving Banglalink. Recently a new operator has penetrated into the telecom industry. Besides the former operators are diversifying their packages & offerings. But Banglalink had failed to cope up these new changes in the industry. They also offered some new packages, but those are not sufficient to cope up the situation. To attract different group of customers, Banglalink should take different approaches to gain new customers. Recommendations: Banglalink is a large organization & they are skilled & well experienced to take any decision. Our research shows that dissatisfaction is generating among the customers of Banglalink. So, we have come up with some recommendations: Bibliography To prepare our report we took help from several internet based websites. We are cordially grateful to those internet site authorities & author who provides the information. †¢ www. google. com †¢ www. banglalinkgsm. com †¢ www. wikipedia. com A. Appendix: Questionnaire Survey (Banglalink’s customer satisfaction evaluation) 01. Have you ever used Banglalink connection? ? Yes. ? No. 02. Which product did you used or using? ? Pre-paid. ? Postpaid. 3. How long have you used or have you been using Banglalink connection? ? Less than 6 months. ? 6 months – 1 year. ? 1 – 2 years. ? 2 – 3 years. ? More than 3 years. 04. Banglalink’s call rate is reasonable with compare to other operators. 05. Banglalink’s offered packages are very attractive. ? Strongly agree ? Agree ? Neutral ? Disagree ? Strongly disagree 06. Banglalink’s promotional activities are very effective. ? Strongly agree ? Agree ? Neutral ? Disagree ? Strongly disagree 07. Banglalink has its customer care centers at convenient and important places. ? Strongly agree Agree ? Neutral ? Disagree ? Strongly disagree 08. Banglalink provides good services at their Customer care centers. ? Strongly agree ? Agree ? Neutral ? Disagree ? Strongly disagree 09. Banglalink’s employees are skilled & highly professional. ? Strongly agree ? Agree ? Neutral ? Disagree ? Strongly disagree 10. Banglalink provides attractive internet services. ? Strongly agree ? Agree ? Neutral ? Disagree ? Strongly disagree 11. Banglalink’s information is highly available. ? Strongly agree ? Agree ? Neutral ? Disagree ? Strongly disagree 12. Banglalink’s network system is very strong? Strongly agree ? Agree ? Neutral ? Disagree ? Strongly disagree 13. Banglalink has significant contribution towards social develo pment? ? Strongly agree ? Agree ? Neutral ? Disagree ? Strongly disagree 14. Banglalink has huge opportunities to become market leader of Telecommunication Industry. ? Strongly agree ? Agree ? Neutral ? Disagree ? Strongly disagree 15. Your gender: ? Male ? Female 16. Your age: ? Less than 18. ? 18 – 22 ? 23 – 25 ? 26- 35 ? More than 35 17. Your profession: ? Student ? Service Holder ? Businessman ? Housewife ? Unemployed[pic][pic][pic] ———————– THANKS

The Common Application (Definition, Tips, and More)

The Common Application (Definition, Tips, and More) In the 2017-18 academic year, The Common Application is used for undergraduate admissions by nearly 700 colleges and universities. The Common Application is an electronic college application system that collects a wide range of information: personal data, educational data, standardized test scores, family information, academic honors, extracurricular activities, work experience, a personal essay, and criminal history. Financial aid information needs to be handled on the FAFSA. The Reasoning Behind the Common Application The Common Application had modest beginnings in the 1970s when a few colleges and universities decided to make the application process easier for applicants by allowing them to create one application, photocopy it, and then mail it to multiple schools. As the application process moved online, this basic idea of making the application process easier for students has remained. If you are applying to 10 schools, you will need to type in all of your personal information, test score data, family information, and even your application essay just once.   Other similar single-application options have emerged more recently, such as the Cappex Application and the Universal College Application, although these options are not as widely accepted yet.   The Reality of the Common Application The seeming ease of using one application to apply to multiple schools certainly sounds appealing if you are a college applicant. The reality, however, is that the Common Application isnt, in fact, common for all schools, especially the more selective member institutions. While, the Common Application will save you time entering all that personal information, test score data, and details of your extracurricular involvement, individual schools often want to get school-specific information from you. The Common Application has evolved to allow all member institutions to request supplemental essays and other materials from applicants. In the original ideal of the Common App, applicants would write just a single essay when applying to college. Today, if an applicant were to apply to all eight of the Ivy League schools, that student would need to write over thirty essays in addition to the common one in the main application. Moreover, applicants are now allowed to create more than one Comm on Application, so you can, in fact, send different applications to different schools. Like many businesses, the Common Application had to choose between its ideal of being common and its desire to be a widely used application. To achieve the latter, it had to bend to the whims of potential member colleges and universities, and this meant making the application customizable, an obvious move away from being common. What Types of Colleges Use the Common Application? Originally, only schools that evaluated applications holistically  were allowed to use the Common Application; that is, the original philosophy behind the Common Application was that students should be evaluated as whole individuals, not just as a collection of numerical data such as class rank, standardized test scores, and grades. Every member institution needed to take into consideration non-numerical information derived from things such as letters of recommendation,  an  application essay, and extracurricular activities. If a college based admission solely on GPA and test scores, they could not be a member of the Common Application. Today this is not the case. Here again, as the Common Application continues to try and grow its number of member institutions, it has abandoned those original ideals. More colleges and universities do not have holistic admissions than those that do (for the simple reason that a holistic admission process is much more labor intensive than a data-driven process). So in order to open the door to the majority of institutions in the country, the Common Application now allows schools that do not have holistic admissions to become members. This change quickly resulted in the membership of many public institutions that base admission  decisions largely on numerical criteria. Because the Common Application keeps shifting to be inclusive of a wide range of colleges and universities, the membership is quite diverse. It includes nearly all top colleges and top universities, but also some schools that are not selective at all. Both public and private institutions use the Common App, as do several historical black colleges and universities.    The Most Recent Common Application Starting in 2013 with CA4, the newest version of the Common Application, the paper version of the application has been phased out and all applications are now  submitted electronically through the Common Application website. The online application allows you to create different versions of the application for different schools, and the website will also keep track of the different application requirements for the different schools to which you are applying. The roll-out of the current version of the application was fraught with problems, but current applicants should have a relatively trouble-free application process. Many schools will ask for one or more  supplemental essays  to complement the essay you write on one of the seven personal essay options provided on the Common Application. Many colleges will also ask for a short answer essay on one of your extracurricular or work experiences. These supplements will be submitted through the Common Application website with the rest of your application. Issues Related to the Common Application The Common Application is most likely here to stay, and the benefits it provides applicants certainly outweigh the negatives. The application is, however, a bit of a challenge for many colleges. Because it is so easy to apply to multiple schools using the Common App, many colleges are finding that the number of applications they are receiving is going up, but the number of students they are matriculating is not. The Common Application makes it more challenging for colleges to predict the yield from their applicant pools, and as a result, many schools are forced to rely more heavily on waitlists. This uncertainly can come back to bite students who find themselves placed in waitlist limbo because colleges simply cant predict how many students will accept their offers of admission.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Quotations

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Quotations Johann Wolfgang von Goethe  (1749–1832) was a prolific German poet and writer. Within his body of work are many quotes (zitate, in German) that are now famous bits of wisdom passed down through the generations. A number of these have also influenced other popular musings and sage advice. Among Goethes best-known lines are those below. Many come from published books of the poets work while a few are from personal correspondence. Here, we will explore them in both their original German as well as the English translations. One of the Best-Known Goethe Quotes Man sieht nur das, was man weiß. English Translation:  You only see what you know. Goethe From"Die Wahlverwandtschaften" Die Wahlverwandtschaften (Elective Affinities) was Goethes third novel published in 1809. Glà ¼cklicherweise kann der Mensch nur einen gewissen Grad des Unglà ¼cks fassen; was darà ¼ber hinausgeht, vernichtet ihn oder lßt ihn gleichgà ¼ltig. English Translation: Fortunately, people can comprehend only a certain degree of misfortune; anything beyond that either destroys them or leaves them indifferent. Goethe From "Maximen und Reflexionen" Maximen und Reflexionen (Maxims and Reflections) is a collection of Goethes writings published posthumously in 1833. Der Alte verliert eines der grà ¶ÃƒÅ¸ten Menschenrechte: er wird nicht mehr von seines Gleichen beurteilt. English Translation: An old man loses one of the most important rights of man: he is no longer judged by his peers. Es ist nichts schrecklicher als eine ttige Unwissenheit. English Translation: Theres nothing worse than ignorance in action. Goethe to Eckermann, 1830 Goethe and fellow poet Johann Peter Eckermann regularly corresponded with one another. This comes from a 1830 letter to Eckermann. Napoleon gibt uns ein Beispiel, wie gefhrlich es sei, sich ins Absolute zu erheben und alles der Ausfà ¼hrung einer Idee zu opfern. English Translation: Napoleon provides us an example of how dangerous it is to be elevated to the absolute and to sacrifice everything to implement an idea. Goethe From "Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre" Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre (Wilhelm Meisters Journeyman Years) is the third in a series of books written by Goethe. It was first published in 1821, then revised and republished in 1829. Unter allem Diebesgesindel sind die Narren die schlimmsten. Sie rauben euch beides, Zeit und Stimmung. English Translation: Of all the thieving riff-raff, fools are the worst. They steal both your time and your good mood. Das Leben gehà ¶rt den Lebenden an, und wer lebt, muss auf Wechsel gefasst sein. English Translation: Life belongs to the living, and those who live must be prepared for change. Es gibt keine patriotische Kunst und keine patriotische Wissenschaft. Beide gehà ¶ren, wie alles hohe Gute, der ganzen Welt an... English Translation: There is no patriotic art and no patriotic science. Both belong, like all high good, to the whole world... Goethe From"Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre" Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre (Wilhelm Meisters Apprenticeship) is the second volume in Goethes famous series, published in 1795. Alles, was uns begegnet, lßt Spuren zurà ¼ck. Alles trgt unmerklich zu unserer Bildung bei. English Translation: Everything we encounter leaves traces behind. Everything contributes imperceptibly to our education. Die beste Bildung findet ein gescheiter Mensch auf Reisen. English Translation: The best education for a clever person is found in travel. Goethe From "Sprichwà ¶rtlich" The following are small excerpts from Goethes poem Sprichwà ¶rtlich (Proverbial). Zwischen heut und morgenliegt eine lange Frist.Lerne schnell besorgen,Da du noch munter bist. English Translation: Between today and tomorrowlies a long time.Learn quickly to take care of thingswhile youre still fit. Tu nur das Rechte in deinen Sachen;Das andre wird sich von selber machen. English Translation: Just do the right thing in your affairs;The rest will take care of itself. Goethe From "Reineke Fuchs" Reineke Fuchs is a 12-song epic written by Goethe in 1793. Besser laufen, als faulen. English Translation: Better to run than to rot. Goethe From "Hermann und Dorothea" Hermann and Dorothea is one of Goethes epic poems published in 1796. Wer nicht vorwrts geht, der kommt zurà ¼cke. English Translation: If youre not going forward, youre going backward. Goethe From "Faust I (Vorspiel auf dem Theater)" Faust I is a collection of Goethes work and when combined with Faust II, the two span 60 years of the poets artistic writings. Vorspiel auf dem Theater (Prelude on the Theater) is one poem examining the conflicts of drama and theater. Was glnzt, ist fà ¼r den Augenblick geboren,Das Echte bleibt der Nachwelt unverloren. English Translation: That which glitters is born for the moment;The genuine remains intact for future days.

Body defense mechanisms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Body defense mechanisms - Essay Example Innate immune system does not have any specialized cells but uses other cells to identify threats like bacteria, react to infections, and provide means of clearing the infections from the body. The system however switches on other immune systems in an antigen presentation method. This function is carried out by special white blood cells. Innate body mechanism forms a physical and chemical barrier that protects the body (Janeway, Travers, Walport, & Shlomchik, 2001). In contrast, adaptive immune system is found in vertebrates only and comprises of highly specialized cells. Also known as the acquired immune system, the system prevents growth of pathogens through the use of systemic cells. Adaptive immune system acts as a memory system, reacting to a similar infection when incited. Adaptive system is acquired through various ways like immunization. As opposed to innate system whose reaction is in the germline, adaptive system is developed throughout life through reactions to specific infections that create pathogen-specific receptors. The system acquires it name; adaptive immune system, through its ability to enable the body to react to future similar infections. Adaptive immune system is enabled by genetic mutation which occurs in all cells of the body giving it more awareness and reactionary strength to fight infections (Janeway, Travers, Walport, & Shlomchik, 2001). Primary innate body defense mechanism include; inflammation, mucous clearance, physical and chemical barriers. Inflammation involves cutting blood supply to the infected area, walling off the pathogens, and forming fibrous tissue of the area among others. Mucous clearance provides coverage of the epithelial layer of the trachea. Physical barriers like the skins functions like barriers when they are not infected. When the skin is intact, it provides one of the best barriers to infections. Nose hairs filter out particles or any other substances that the body